The Role of Movement and Exercise in Dyslexia Support: A Research-Based Perspective

Dyslexia is a neurobiological learning difference that affects reading, writing, and spelling. While interventions often focus on phonics and reading strategies, emerging research highlights the critical role of movement and exercise in supporting dyslexic individuals. Studies suggest that physical activity can enhance cognitive function, improve focus, and strengthen the neural pathways essential for reading and learning. This article explores the scientific connection between movement and dyslexia, examining how structured physical activity can be integrated into dyslexia interventions.

The brain is highly dependent on movement for optimal function. According to Ratey (2008), exercise stimulates the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin—neurotransmitters essential for focus, motivation, and learning. These chemical changes can be particularly beneficial for individuals with dyslexia, who often struggle with attention regulation and working memory.

Furthermore, research in neuroscience and education has shown that movement enhances the brain’s neuroplasticity—its ability to rewire and form new connections. A study by Hillman et al. (2009) found that children who engaged in regular physical activity demonstrated improved cognitive flexibility, memory retention, and problem-solving skills—all of which are areas of difficulty for dyslexic learners.

Several studies have explored the relationship between dyslexia and motor coordination difficulties, often linked to cerebellar dysfunction. The cerebellum, a structure at the base of the brain, plays a key role in balance, coordination, and fine motor skills, as well as language processing and automaticity in reading (Nicolson & Fawcett, 2011). Children with dyslexia frequently exhibit challenges with:

Cross-lateral movements (where one side of the body crosses over to the other) stimulate both hemispheres of the brain and enhance communication between them. Activities such as:

Studies by Reynolds et al. (2003) have demonstrated that such exercises improve reading fluency by strengthening interhemispheric communication.

Since dyslexia is often linked to postural stability deficits (Brookes et al., 2010), incorporating activities that enhance balance and coordination can be beneficial. These include:

Dyslexic learners often struggle with processing speed and rhythm, which are critical for decoding words and maintaining reading fluency. Timing-based interventions, such as Interactive Metronome Training, have been shown to improve phonemic awareness and reading speed (Taub et al., 2007). Effective activities include:

Aerobic exercise has been linked to enhanced executive functioning and memory. A 2013 study by Davis et al. found that children who participated in regular cardiovascular exercise exhibited improved working memory and attention, both of which are essential for dyslexic learners. Simple ways to incorporate aerobic movement include:

To maximize the benefits of movement, it should be intentionally integrated into learning environments rather than treated as a separate activity. Some practical approaches include:

The connection between movement and dyslexia is well-supported by research, highlighting the neuroscientific benefits of physical activity on cognitive function, coordination, and reading development. By incorporating movement-based strategies into dyslexia interventions, parents and educators can help children build stronger neural connections, enhance focus, and improve overall learning outcomes.